Este artículo analiza desde una perspectiva fenomenológica-hermenéutica los aportes del pensamiento franciscano en los procesos de autoevaluación institucional de la Universidad de San Buenaventura, Bogotá. En primera instancia, se abordará el pensamiento franciscano como elemento que transversa las funciones sustantivas y todas aquellas actividades que propenden por el aseguramiento de la calidad y el mejoramiento continuo de la educación superior. En segundo lugar, se describen los significados y opiniones sobre el sistema de autoevaluación institucional en los diferentes agentes de la (...) comunidad académica Bonaventuriana en la sede Bogotá. Finalmente, se reconocerá cómo la filosofía institucional se materializa en los procesos de autoevaluación en el marco de los procesos de acreditación con el propósito de aportar elementos significativos para los planes de mejoramiento. (shrink)

Background: In the last decades, there have been important developments in the scientific and technological areas of healthcare. On certain occasions this provokes conflict between the patients' rights and the values of healthcare professionals which brings about, within this clinical relationship, the problem of conscientious objection. Aims: To learn the opinions that the Nurses of the Madrid Autonomous Community have regarding conscientious objection. Research design: Cross-cutting descriptive study. Participants and research context: The nurses of 9 hospitals and 12 Health Centers (...) in the Madrid Autonomous Community. The study was done by means of an auto completed anonymous questionnaire. The variables studied were social-demographical and their opinions about conscientious objections. Ethical considerations: The study was approved by the Ethical Community of Clinical Research of the University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias. Participants were assured of maximum confidentiality and anonymity. Findings: A total of 421 nurses answered the questionnaire. In total, 55.6% of the nurses confirmed they were religious believers, and 64.3% declared having poor knowledge regarding conscientious objection. The matters that caused the greatest objections were voluntary abortions, genetic embryo selection, refusal of blood transfusions, and therapy refusal. Discussion: Different authors state that the most significant cases of conscientious objections for health professionals are those regarding carrying out or assisting in abortions, euthanasia, the practice of assisted reproduction and, finally, the prescription and dispensing of the morning-after pill. In our study, the most significant cases in which the nurses would declare conscientious objections would be the refusal to accept treatment, the selection of embryos after genetic diagnosis preimplantation, the patient’s refusal to receive blood transfusions due to religious reasons and pregnant women’s request for voluntary abortions within the first 14 weeks. Conclusion: Nurses’ religious beliefs influence their opinions regarding conscientious objection. The nurses who declare themselves as religious believers object in a higher percentage than those without religious beliefs. (shrink)

Integrated approaches in the ethical decision-making (EDM) and practically wise decision-making literature are emerging as alternative perspectives to management theories that conceptualize decision-making in a rationalist and value-free manner. However, more dialogue between both perspectives and qualitative research that applies them is required. In addition, there is a need for empirical analysis on business engagement in the face of grand challenges in developing countries. This paper proposes an integrated practically wise EDM framework to study how Colombian councilors who, in 2013, (...) voted for or against the merger between the Colombian state-owned company UNE and the Swedish multinational Millicom interpret this decision and its public impact. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with a voluntary sample of 18 of 21 councilors. Supporters of the UNE-Millicom merger expressed open-mindedness, seeing the merger as a means to achieve justice. On the contrary, the merger’s opponents expressed circumspection, doubting that Millicom’s intentions really leaned toward justice. We conclude that practical wisdom—embodied by both supporters and detractors—fosters an understanding of EDM beyond what leaders should not do. It also includes a democratic and balanced deliberation on what leaders think they should do to promote the common good. (shrink)

La asociación entre arte y literatura puede rastrearse con facilidad en la cultura occidental desde la Antigüedad grecolatina. En un contexto literario muy marcado por la retórica, Luciano de Samosata apela a menudo, en obras de distinto registro e intención, al arte y a sus representantes como metáfora y referente de la tarea del literato, orador, sofista o escritor. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar algunos de esos textos en los que Luciano, al amparo de símiles y metáforas artísticas, (...) reflexiona sobre la técnica necesaria en la creación literaria, pero, ante todo, sobre la debida aplicación del arte de la palabra; y, también, observar cómo la técnica retórica que preside su producción y utiliza para describir imágenes pintadas, también guía su destreza compositiva sea en piezas narrativas o dialógicas. (shrink)

Rho proteins belong to the small GTPases superfamily. They function as molecular switches that, in response to diverse stimuli, control key signaling and structural aspects of the cell. Although early studies proposed a role for Rho GTPases in cellular transformation, this effect was underestimated due to the fact that no genetic mutations affecting Rho‐encoding genes were found in tumors. Recently, it has become evident that Rho GTPases participate in the carcinogenic process by either overexpression of some of the members of (...) the family with oncogenic activity, downmodulation of other members with suggested tumor suppressor activity, or by alteration of upstream modulators or downstream effectors. Thus, alteration of the levels of expression of different members of the family of Rho GTPases has been detected in many types of human tumors leading to a great interest in the cellular effects elicited by these oncoproteins. This essay reviews the current evidence of dysregulation of Rho signaling by overexpression in human tumors. BioEssays 27:602–613, 2005. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (shrink)

Given the ubiquitous nature of love, numerous theories have been proposed to explain its existence. One such theory refers to love as a commitment device, suggesting that romantic love evolved to foster commitment between partners and enhance their reproductive success. In the present study, we investigated this hypothesis using a large-scale sample of 86,310 individual responses collected across 90 countries. If romantic love is universally perceived as a force that fosters commitment between long-term partners, we expected that individuals likely to (...) suffer greater losses from the termination of their relationships—including people of lower socioeconomic status, those with many children, and women—would place a higher value on romantic love compared to people with higher status, those with fewer children, and men. These predictions were supported. Additionally, we observed that individuals from countries with a higher (vs. lower) Human Development Index placed a greater level of importance on romantic love, suggesting that modernization might influence how romantic love is evaluated. On average, participants worldwide were unwilling to commit to a long-term romantic relationship without love, highlighting romantic love’s universal importance. (shrink)

Trata sobre la presentación de la teoría de la nueva ley natural, en el desarrollo del filósofo chileno Alfonso Gómez-Lobo. En particular, trata sobre la referencia directa de este autor, en la caracterización de las estrategias prudenciales de cuidado y respeto. En ellas, el autor indica que estas estrategias prudenciales serían equivalentes a las normas afirmativas y negativas, a las normas que obligan acción y omisión, y a los principios de beneficencia y no maleficencia, respectivamente. El objetivo de este (...) escrito consiste en mostrar si es efectiva o no la relación entre las pautas de cuidado y respeto, son las normas señaladas anteriormente. (shrink)

Este artículo pretende establecer los nexos y asociaciones de los conceptos fundamentales que sustentan la obra filosófica, pero sobre todo la critica literaria de Rafael Gutiérrez Girardot. Hegel y Schlegel aparecen como pilares que fundamentan sus interpretaciones criticas y sobre los cuales se abre el horizonte de América Latina; a través de autores como Jorge Luis Borges, Alfonso Reyes y César Vallejo.

La formación ciudadana constituye uno de los pilares fundamentales para las movilizaciones sociales con sentido, democráticas, inteligentes y conscientes. La presente revisión tuvo como propósito elaborar una recopilación de la literatura sobre el concepto de formación ciudadana en relación a la protesta social. Se efectuó una revisión sistemática que recogió 43 artículos de carácter empírico analítico. De esta forma, se precisaron aspectos relacionados con los retos y tensiones de la formación ciudadana en Latinoamérica y, en particular, en la del caso (...) colombiano. Todo esto ejemplifica la importancia de reconocer que todo el componente educativo formal tiene un poder significativo en la conciencia colectiva, con sujetos críticos, autónomos, con valores, sensibles a las problemáticas de su contexto, capaces de asumir una actitud reflexiva para la toma de decisiones apropiadas. (shrink)

El auge de los populismos de extrema derecha en el último tiempo amerita una indagación acerca de las características de la ideología reaccionaria. Una forma de aproximarse a esta es a través del pensamiento de sus principales autores. Nicolás Gómez Dávila es el mejor representante del pensamiento reaccionario en la filosofía latinoamericana, de modo que, a partir del análisis de algunos de sus escritos y siguiendo la propuesta de Richard Shorten para identificar lo reaccionario con base en tres pilares (...) retóricos: decadencia (_logos_), conspiración (_ethos_) e indignación (_pathos_), este artículo enfatiza algunas características propias de la ideología reaccionaria que la distinguen del conservadurismo, ilustrando esas diferencias con la retórica de algunos líderes reaccionarios que antecedieron a Nicolás Gómez Dávila en la Colombia del siglo XX. (shrink)

Increased concern for the environment has increased the number of investment opportunities in mutual funds specialized in promoting responsible environmental attitudes. This article examines the performance and risk sensitivities of US green mutual funds vis-à-vis their conventional peers. We also analyze and compare this performance relative to other socially responsible investing (SRI) mutual funds. In order to implement this analysis, we apply a CAPM-based methodology and find that in the 1987–2009 period, environ- mental funds had lower performance than conventional funds (...) with similar characteristics. However, if we focus on a more recent period (2001–2009), green funds achieved adjusted returns not significantly different from the rest of SRI and conventional mutual funds. (shrink)

This article explores the relationality between women’s bodies and selfies on NSFW (Not Safe For Work) tumblr blogs. We consider the way selfie practices engage with normative, ageist and sexist assumptions of the wider culture in order to understand how specific ways of looking become possible. Women’s experiences of their bodies change through interactions, sense of community and taking and sharing selfies. This article provides an empirical elaboration on what sexy selfies are and do by analysing interviews, selfies and blog (...) content of nine women in the NSFW self-shooters community on tumblr. For our participants, self-shooting is an engaged, self-affirmative and awareness raising pursuit, where their body, through critically self-aware self-care, emerges as agentic, sexual and distinctly female. Thus, this is a reading of selfies as a practice of freedom. (shrink)

Carroll shaped the corporate social responsibility discourse into a four-dimensional pyramid framework, which was later adapted to corporate citizenship and sustainability approaches. The four layers of the pyramid—structured from foundation to apex as economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities—drew considerable managerial attention. An important criticism of the economic foundation of the Carroll pyramid concerns the identification and ordering of the four dimensions, which are inadequately justified theoretically. The authors of this article propose an alternative approach that builds on the public (...) value concept, which integrates a microfoundation of psychological research into basic human needs. Drawing on their Swiss Dialogue process, the authors argue that a four-dimensional pyramid does have heuristic value for managers. The advantage of this alternative pyramid logic is that it may be contingently adapted to different cultural contexts, because it allows adaptive internal reordering. (shrink)

Este artículo se enmarca en la macroinvestigación “Barreras psicosociales para la construcción de paz y reconciliación en Medellín y tres municipios de Antioquia”, desarrollado por el Grupo de Investigación en Psicología Sujetos, Sociedad y Trabajo, de la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, y pretende comprender los significados que los participantes han construido sobre perdón y reconciliación en el contexto de transición y negociación política del conflicto armado entre el gobierno colombiano y las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia. A la luz de la (...) psicología social crítica latinoamericana, emergieron discursos alrededor de las dimensiones individuales, colectivas y sociales del perdón y la reconciliación, las relaciones que se encuentran con la verdad, la justicia, la reparación, el olvido y la memoria; las similitudes y distinciones que encuentran las víctimas entre perdón y reconciliación y la importancia de contextualizar y particularizar estos procesos en función de la desaparición forzada. Los procesos de perdón y reconciliación que se emprendan deben tener como protagonistas a las víctimas, puesto que la intervención del Estado en estos escenarios, cuando hay impunidad, omisiones y encubrimientos por su parte, puede ser contraproducente. Cuando estas se apropian del proceso se producen transformaciones subjetivas y la reconstrucción del tejido social. (shrink)

Medical professionals routinely offer prenatal genetic testing services to their expecting patients. In theory, this testing helps expecting parents better prepare for the birth of their child: e.g., if the child will have a disability. In practice, however, such testing often leads to the termination of pregnancies that would produce a child who has a disability. Some bioethicists believe that in light of our society’s history of poor treatment of people who have disabilities, when expecting parents use prenatal testing for (...) selective abortion and when medical professionals promote the use of such testing, they express a disparaging message to and about extant disabled people: e.g., that disabled people’s lives are... (shrink)

Brains enjoy a bodily life. Therefore animals are subjects with a point of view. Yet, coding betrays an anthropomorphic bias: we can, therefore they must. Here I propose a reformulation of Brette's question that emphasizes organismic perception, cautioning for misinterpretations based on external ideal-observer accounts. Theoretical ethology allows computational neuroscience to understand brains from the perspective of their owners.

Este artículo presenta un contrapunto entre Edith Stein y Ernst Tugendhat, centrado en la relación entre fe y mística como dos caminos hacia la experiencia trascendente, abordados desde sus respectivas posturas fenomenológicas. El análisis se enfoca en la interpretación de obras clave de ambos autores, ofreciendo una perspectiva contrastiva de sus puntos de partida: la experiencia de la fe cristiana en Stein, orientada a una relación mística con Dios, y la búsqueda de una mística secular en Tugendhat, basada en el (...) autoconocimiento. Este contrapunto metodológico no busca equilibrar sus visiones, sino resaltar sus convergencias y divergencias, visibilizando la complejidad de la experiencia mística. Finalmente, se exploran las limitaciones del análisis y se proyectan posibles aportaciones de ambos autores a una revisión contemporánea de la mística en el contexto religioso. (shrink)

One current challenge for neuropsychologists is to design assessment methods capable of detecting cognitive deficits in the early or preclinical phases of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The objective of this paper is to review the studies that have explored the use of the Face-Name Associative Memory Exam (FNAME) as a test for early diagnosis of AD. Studies looking at correlations between performance on the FNAME test and biomarkers in healthy people and studies comparing healthy controls and people with mild cognitive impairment (...) are reviewed. These studies are based on the evidence that AD’s pathological process begins years before the most visible clinical manifestations. We conclude that the FNAME test may be a valuable tool for early diagnosis but that some important questions remain to be resolved in future research. (shrink)

El artículo defiende la dimensión transcultural de la estética de lo cotidiano a partir de las premisas de la estética pragmatista. A partir de la noción deweyana de ritmo se tenderán puentes con la estética china clásica y con ejemplos de las artes del pincel se ilustrará cómo la cotidianidad es una de las protagonistas clave de sus temáticas. La dimensión cíclica de la temporalidad será clave para completar esta visión estética de la cotidianidad.

En términos evolutivos, la vida es, simplemente, una manifestación particular de la materia expresada en forma de organismos variantes durante una secuencia temporal inmemorial. El ser vivo la representa y continúa desde aquel pasado remoto hacia un futuro ignorado. El conjunto se denomina naturaleza. Frente a la vida, la muerte constituye una etapa necesaria para que el proceso biológico siga su curso expresando nuevas formas y aconteceres. En este contexto, avanzamos una reflexión que busca dar sentido al concepto de individuo (...) como manifestación real de la vida frente al valor colectivo de una naturaleza abstracta. (shrink)

Huescar presents a systematic critique of idealism and modernity, framing Edmund Husserl's phenomenological philosophy as the most refined and far-reaching version of idealism. He includes the essentials of the system of categories adopted by Ortega in order to overcome idealism.

Aim: The present work proposes the study of the neuromotor activity of the masseter-jaw-tongue articulation during diadochokinetic exercising to establish functional statistical relationships between surface Electromyography, 3D Accelerometry, and acoustic features extracted from the speech signal, with the aim of characterizing Hypokinetic Dysarthria. A database of multi-trait signals of recordings from an age-matched control and PD participants are used in the experimental study. Hypothesis: The main assumption is that information between sEMG and 3D acceleration, and acoustic features may be quantified (...) using linear regression methods. Methods: Recordings from a cohort of eight age-matched control participants and eight PD participants were collected during the utterance of a diadochokinetic exercise. The dynamic and acoustic absolute kinematic velocities produced during the exercises were estimated by acoustic filter inversion and numerical integration and differentiation of the speech signal. The amplitude distributions of the absolute kinematic and acoustic velocities are estimated to allow comparisons in terms of Mutual Information. Results: The regression results show the relationships between sEMG and dynamic and acoustic estimates. The projection methodology may help in understanding the basic neuromotor muscle activity regarding neurodegenerative speech in remote monitoring neuromotor and neurocognitive diseases using speech as the vehicular tool, and in the study of other speech-related disorders. The study also showed strong and significant cross-correlations between articulation kinematics, both for the control and the PD cohorts. The absolute kinematic variables presents an observable difference for the PD participants compared to the control group. Conclusion: Kinematic distributions derived from acoustic analysis may be useful biomarkers toward characterizing HD in neuromotor disorders providing new insights into PD. (shrink)

Es éste un trabajo donde, partiendo de la dicotomía discurso lógico / discurso retórico, se infiere que nuestra representación del mundo e interacción con él -esencialmente metafórica y de índole retórica respectivamente- recaban la conjunción, como Vico pretendiera, de filosofía y filología.This is a paper that, putting aside the logic discourse / rhetorical discourse dichotomy, infers that our representation of the world and interaction with it -essentially metaphoric and of rhetorical nature, respectively- bring philosophy and philology together, as Vico intended.

Este artículo revisita el concepto de exterior constitutivo, inspirado por el pensamiento de Jacques Derrida y consolidado por Henry Staten. Para ello, se recuperan ideas de ambos autores, además de analizar aportaciones de otros como Ernesto Laclau, Chantal Mouffe, Judith Butler y Stuart Hall, quienes se valen del concepto para producir un viraje al esencialismo y constructivismo que ha cercado el estudio de las identidades colectivas. Laclau y Mouffe muestran cómo el exterior disloca lo que es materia de afirmación y (...) mantiene en desequilibrio las fronteras simbólicas que prefiguran las identidades. Butler involucra procesos de abyección y repudios fundacionales que contornean las ideas de “yo” que se fabrican por vías de la interdicción. Hall muestra la codependencia del Otro, quien actúa como correlato de cualquier idea de identidad. Se concluye que las identidades trabajan por exclusión y que, en el plano de formación docente, se censuran ciertos sujetos y posiciones. (shrink)

The thesis of this paper is that truth in politics is intersubjectively constituted within a set of relationships irreducible to the oppositions of truth and falsehood or veracity and lying. First, I examine the link between factual truth and politics, and argue that this sort of truth pervades our experience and tends to become background knowledge. Second, I propose a reading of Plato’s Apology according to which the truth in politics is grounded on an intersubjective normative and epistemological horizon, which (...) is vicariously communicated as gesture. Third, in relation to Plato’s Republic and Gorgias, I inquire about the semantic connections between fiction and lie and assert that the expression of the truth in politics requires a poetic endeavor, which blurs the lines separating veracity and lying. Finally, based on Agamben’s interpretation of Plato’s Hippias Minor, I conclude that the institution of the truth in politics requires diverse expressive and interpretive capacities. (shrink)

Basée sur le principe de la reconnaissance de l'autre culture, cette réflexion anthropologique comporte une double dimension éthique et politique, qui s'est traduite, dans le concret de l'histoire, par l'engagement anticolonialiste de ...

IN THE first chapter of the second book of the Analytica Posteriora Aristotle offers a fourfold classification of objects of inquiry He refers to each of them by means of a shorthand expression.